Complex spine surgery is a specialized field within spinal surgery that addresses intricate and challenging spinal conditions. These may include severe deformities, complex fractures, or multiple degenerative issues that require advanced surgical techniques and expertise. Complex spine surgeries are often performed by highly trained spine surgeons who possess the skills and knowledge necessary to manage these intricate cases and achieve optimal outcomes.

A herniated disc, also referred to as a slipped or ruptured disc, occurs when the soft inner core of a spinal disc pushes through the tough outer layer. This protrusion can compress nearby nerves, leading to symptoms such as localized pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness. Herniated discs can be caused by age-related degeneration, injury, or excessive strain on the spine.